Damiana, scientifically known as Turnera diffusa, is a small, aromatic shrub native to the subtropical regions of Central and South America. It belongs to the Passifloraceae family and is known by various common names, including “Mexican holly” and “old woman’s broom.” This herb boasts a rich history of use in traditional medicine and holds a special place in the world of herbal remedies.
Physical Characteristics:
Damiana plants typically grow to a height of around one to two meters. Their leaves are small, green, and serrated, while the flowers are yellow and fragrant, with a pleasant, sweet scent. The plant’s leaves and stems contain the bioactive compounds that make Damiana noteworthy.
Traditional Uses:
The traditional use of Damiana dates back centuries, with indigenous peoples in Central and South America being among the first to recognize its potential. They would craft Damiana leaves into teas, and tonics, or even smoke them for their purported aphrodisiac and mood-enhancing properties. Damiana was also considered a sacred plant and used in various rituals and ceremonies.
Geographical Origin:
Damiana primarily grows in regions with warm climates, including Mexico, Central America, and parts of the southwestern United States. Its adaptability to arid and rocky soils makes it a hardy plant that can thrive in challenging conditions.
Bioactive Compounds:
The leaves of the Damiana plant contain a range of bioactive compounds, including essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, and arbutin. These compounds are thought to contribute to the herb’s potential medicinal properties.
Modern Uses:
In modern times, Damiana has gained recognition as a natural remedy for various purposes. It is often used in the form of teas, tinctures, or capsules and is reputed for its potential benefits for sexual health, mood enhancement, and relaxation.
Cultural Significance:
The cultural significance of Damiana extends beyond its use in traditional medicine. It has earned a reputation as a symbol of love and passion and is frequently included in herbal blends and products designed to enhance romantic experiences.
Damiana Benefits, Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
Cultural and historical uses of Damiana
The story of Damiana is interwoven with rich cultural traditions and a long history of use dating back centuries.
Indigenous Wisdom:
Damiana’s historical roots are deeply intertwined with the indigenous peoples of Central and South America. It was held in high regard by the Aztecs, who considered it a potent aphrodisiac and a natural remedy for a variety of ailments. Its use in traditional herbal medicine extended to the Maya, who referred to it as “mizibcoc” and employed it for its potential mood-enhancing properties.
Aphrodisiac and Love Tonic:
One of Damiana’s most enduring cultural associations is its role as an aphrodisiac. In Mexican folk culture, it was traditionally used to craft love potions and teas. Damiana was thought to stimulate desire and enhance sexual experiences, leading to its reputation as a “love tonic.” Its use in romantic rituals and ceremonies continued through the ages.
Culinary and Beverage Ingredient:
Damiana has also found its way into the culinary traditions of Mexico and Central America. The leaves were used to make a flavorful and aromatic tea. It was even incorporated into liqueurs and cordials to add a distinctive taste and aroma. These beverages were believed to carry the herb’s enchanting effects.
Traditional Herbal Remedies:
Beyond its aphrodisiac qualities, Damiana was employed as a general tonic in traditional medicine. It was often recommended to alleviate symptoms of various conditions, including digestive issues and nervousness. The herb’s potential mood-enhancing properties made it a popular choice for those seeking relaxation and mental well-being.
A Symbol of Love and Passion:
In modern times, Damiana continues to be associated with love and passion. It is a key ingredient in herbal blends and products designed to enhance romantic experiences. The herb’s historical use as an aphrodisiac and its aromatic properties have contributed to this enduring connection.
Contemporary Uses:
Today, Damiana is recognized for its potential benefits in supporting sexual health and mood enhancement. It is available in various forms, including teas, tinctures, and supplements, allowing individuals to incorporate it into their wellness routines.
Spiritual and Ceremonial Significance:
Beyond its practical applications, Damiana holds a spiritual significance. Some indigenous groups believed that Damiana had mystical properties, using it in rituals and ceremonies to connect with the spirit world.
The cultural and historical uses of Damiana are a testament to the enduring appeal of this herb. Its association with love, passion, and well-being has transcended time, and it continues to be embraced in modern herbal practices.
Spiritual and ceremonial significance of Damiana
Damiana is more than just a physical herb; it holds a unique spiritual and ceremonial significance in various cultures and traditions.
Ancestral Wisdom:
Throughout history, indigenous peoples in Central and South America have revered Damiana for its perceived spiritual properties. It was considered a bridge between the physical and spiritual realms, a conduit for connecting with the divine and seeking answers to life’s questions.
Divination and Dreaming:
In some traditional practices, Damiana was employed to enhance dreaming and facilitate divination. It was often consumed in tea form before sleep or rituals. The herb was thought to induce vivid and prophetic dreams, allowing individuals to gain insight into their lives and the future.
Sacred Offerings:
In rituals and ceremonies, Damiana was sometimes offered as a sacred gift to deities and spirits. It was believed that by presenting Damiana, a connection would be forged with the spiritual world. The sweet and fragrant aroma of the herb was thought to be pleasing to the divine.
Spiritual Cleansing:
In certain indigenous traditions, Damiana was used for spiritual cleansing and purification. It was employed as part of cleansing rituals, where it was believed to clear negative energy and promote spiritual harmony.
Love and Attraction Spells:
The herb’s aphrodisiac qualities also found their way into spiritual and magical practices. Damiana was used in love spells and rituals to attract and strengthen romantic relationships. Its reputation as a love tonic made it a popular choice in love magic.
Modern Spiritual Practices:
Today, Damiana continues to be utilized in spiritual and ceremonial practices. It is often included in modern rituals, meditations, and divination ceremonies to enhance spiritual experiences and gain clarity.
Connection with Nature:
For some, Damiana symbolizes a deep connection with the natural world. It is considered a gift from the Earth, a source of wisdom, and a reminder of the interconnectedness of all living beings.
Damiana’s spiritual and ceremonial significance is a testament to the profound and multifaceted role that herbs can play in human culture and spirituality. Its use in divination, dream enhancement, and rituals showcases the enduring power of this remarkable plant.
What are the potential medicinal benefits of Damiana?
Damiana’s rich history of traditional use is accompanied by a growing body of scientific research into its potential medicinal properties. Let’s explore the modern understanding of Damiana’s health benefits and its potential role in promoting well-being.
Mood Enhancement:
Damiana has been traditionally regarded as a mood enhancer. Some studies suggest that it may have anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) properties. While more research is needed, Damiana is often included in herbal blends and supplements aimed at promoting relaxation and reducing stress.
Sexual Health:
One of Damiana’s most renowned uses is its potential as an aphrodisiac. It is believed to have a stimulating effect on sexual desire and function. Research indicates that it may increase blood flow to the genital area, potentially enhancing sexual experiences. This makes Damiana a popular choice for those seeking natural solutions for sexual health.
Digestive Support:
Traditional medicine has long employed Damiana for its digestive benefits. It may help alleviate symptoms like indigestion and constipation. Its potential as a digestive tonic is attributed to its mild laxative and diuretic effects.
Antioxidant Properties:
Damiana contains antioxidants, which help protect cells from oxidative stress and damage. Antioxidants play a crucial role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases and promoting overall health.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
The flavonoids in Damiana are thought to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is a common factor in many chronic diseases, making this potential benefit significant for long-term health.
Weight Management:
Some individuals use Damiana as part of their weight management regimen. It may help by supporting digestion and reducing food cravings, making it a component of dietary supplements designed to aid weight loss.
Potential for Better Sleep:
Damiana’s calming properties extend to its potential to promote better sleep. Some people use it to address sleep disturbances, and it is included in herbal blends designed to improve sleep quality.
Anti-Anxiety and Stress Relief:
Research into Damiana’s impact on anxiety and stress is ongoing, but its traditional use as a mood enhancer suggests potential benefits in these areas.
Respiratory Health:
In some cultures, Damiana has been used to alleviate symptoms of respiratory conditions such as coughs and colds. It is believed to have expectorant properties that may help in clearing the airways.
Traditional Medicine for Diabetes:
In some traditional practices, Damiana was employed as a remedy for diabetes. While modern research has yet to fully support its use for diabetes management, it remains a subject of interest.
It’s important to note that while Damiana shows promise in various health areas, more rigorous scientific studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness for specific conditions. As with any herbal remedy, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before using Damiana for medicinal purposes, especially if you have underlying health concerns or are taking medications.
Damiana’s potential health benefits, particularly in the realms of mood enhancement, sexual health, and digestive support, have earned it a place of significance in modern herbal medicine.
Find the Best Damiana Products
Thousands of customer reviews are available to help you make the right choice. Embrace the power of nature!
What other herbs work combined with Damiana?
The world of herbal medicine often thrives on the synergistic effects of combining different herbs and supplements to enhance their potential benefits. Damiana, with its properties, can be paired with other herbs to address specific health concerns.
Maca Root: Maca is renowned for its potential to support sexual health and enhance energy levels. When combined with Damiana, it may provide a potent natural solution for those looking to improve sexual vitality and overall well-being.
Muira Puama: Muira Puama, often referred to as “potency wood,” is another herb known for its aphrodisiac properties. When combined with Damiana, it can amplify the potential benefits for sexual health and desire.
Ginseng: Ginseng is celebrated for its adaptogenic properties and its ability to combat stress and fatigue. When used alongside Damiana, it may create a well-rounded blend for addressing both mood enhancement and overall vitality.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium): This herb called Horny Goat Weed is traditionally used to improve sexual function and libido. Combining it with Damiana can create a powerful formula for individuals seeking natural ways to support their sexual health.
Saw Palmetto: Saw Palmetto is often used to promote prostate health and address urinary symptoms in men. Combining it with Damiana may offer a comprehensive approach to men’s health, particularly in the realm of sexual well-being.
Ashwagandha: Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb with potential benefits for stress management and mood enhancement. Combining it with Damiana may provide a balanced solution for those seeking relaxation and emotional well-being.
Valerian Root: Valerian is a well-known herb for its potential to improve sleep quality and manage anxiety. When used alongside Damiana, it may create a blend that addresses both sleep disturbances and mood enhancement.
Passionflower: Passionflower is celebrated for its calming and anxiety-reducing effects. When combined with Damiana, it may contribute to a natural solution for relaxation and stress relief.
Ginkgo Biloba: Ginkgo Biloba is known for its potential to improve cognitive function and enhance blood circulation. Combining it with Damiana may provide a holistic approach to overall vitality and cognitive well-being.
Black Cohosh: Black Cohosh is traditionally used to manage symptoms of menopause in women. When combined with Damiana, it may create a formula that supports women’s health during this life stage.
It’s important to remember that while these herbal combinations can be beneficial, individual responses can vary. The efficacy of these combinations may depend on various factors, including the specific health concerns being addressed.
Always consult with a healthcare provider or herbalist before starting any new herbal or supplement regimen. They can provide personalized guidance and ensure that the combination of Damiana and other herbs is safe and appropriate for your individual needs.
Damiana: Potential side effects
While Damiana is generally considered safe when used in moderation, it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects and adverse reactions that may occur, especially when used in excessive amounts or in combination with certain substances.
Gastrointestinal Discomfort: Some individuals may experience mild digestive issues, such as stomach upset or diarrhea, when consuming Damiana in large quantities. It’s essential to moderate your intake to avoid these discomforts.
Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Damiana. Allergic reactions may manifest as skin rashes, itching, or respiratory symptoms. If you experience any of these symptoms, discontinue use and seek medical attention.
Blood Sugar Concerns: Damiana may affect blood sugar levels, so individuals with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar closely when using Damiana. Adjustments to medication may be necessary, and it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider.
Headaches: In rare cases, Damiana use has been associated with headaches. If you experience persistent headaches while using Damiana, it’s advisable to discontinue use.
Insomnia: While Damiana is sometimes used to enhance sleep, excessive consumption, especially close to bedtime, may lead to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
Kidney and Liver Health: There have been limited reports of potential kidney and liver toxicity associated with high doses of Damiana. To mitigate this risk, it’s essential to use Damiana in moderation and avoid excessive doses.
Hormonal Effects: Damiana may have potential hormonal effects, particularly in women. It’s advisable for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals to avoid Damiana, as its effects on hormone balance are not fully understood.
Interaction with Medications: Damiana can interact with certain medications, especially those that affect blood sugar levels, hormone regulation, or blood pressure. If you are taking medications, consult with a healthcare provider before using Damiana.
Drowsiness: Some individuals may experience drowsiness when using Damiana. This effect can be compounded when used in combination with other substances that induce drowsiness.
Effects on the Nervous System: Excessive use of Damiana may lead to nervous system effects, including tremors or increased heart rate. To avoid these issues, it’s essential to use Damiana in moderation.
It’s crucial to approach Damiana with caution and moderation, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications. While Damiana has potential health benefits, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects and take appropriate precautions. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult with a healthcare provider.
Find the Best Damiana Products
Thousands of customer reviews are available to help you make the right choice. Embrace the power of nature!
Precautions and contraindications
Using Damiana for its potential health benefits is a choice that should be made with careful consideration, particularly if you have specific health conditions or are taking medications.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Damiana is not recommended for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Its potential hormonal effects may have unintended consequences for expectant or nursing mothers.
Hormonal Imbalance: Damiana may have effects on hormone balance, particularly in women. If you have a history of hormone-related conditions or concerns, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before using Damiana.
Diabetes: If you have diabetes or are at risk of developing the condition, Damiana may impact your blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring and consultation with a healthcare provider are essential to ensure your diabetes management remains effective.
Allergies: If you have known allergies to plants in the Passifloraceae family, which Damiana belongs to, exercise caution. Allergic reactions can vary in severity and may require immediate medical attention.
Medication Interactions: Damiana can interact with certain medications, especially those that affect blood sugar levels, hormone regulation, or blood pressure. If you are taking medication, consult with your healthcare provider before using Damiana to avoid potential interactions.
Kidney and Liver Health: To reduce the risk of potential kidney and liver toxicity associated with high doses of Damiana, it’s essential to use Damiana in moderation and avoid excessive consumption, especially in the form of extracts or supplements.
Surgery: If you are scheduled for surgery, it’s important to discontinue the use of Damiana at least two weeks before the procedure. Damiana’s potential effects on blood sugar and blood pressure could interact with anesthesia and other medications used during surgery.
Nervous System Disorders: If you have underlying nervous system disorders, such as epilepsy, Damiana’s potential nervous system effects should be considered. Consult with a healthcare provider before using Damiana in such cases.
Blood Pressure Concerns: Damiana may have mild effects on blood pressure. If you have concerns about your blood pressure or are taking medications to control it, consult with your healthcare provider before using Damiana.
Children and Infants: Damiana is not recommended for use in children and infants. Its effects on developing bodies are not well understood, and caution is advised.
Psychological and Emotional Health: If you have a history of psychological or emotional health issues, Damiana’s potential mood-enhancing effects should be taken into account. Consult with a mental health professional before using Damiana.
Understanding these precautions and contraindications is vital for safe and responsible use of Damiana. If you have specific concerns or medical conditions, always seek guidance from a healthcare professional.
Damiana: Drug interactions
Damiana, like many herbs, can interact with medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or leading to adverse reactions. It’s essential to be aware of these interactions to ensure your safety and well-being.
Diabetes Medications: Damiana may affect blood sugar levels. When used in conjunction with diabetes medications, it can potentially lead to excessively low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). If you have diabetes and use medication to manage your blood sugar, consult with your healthcare provider before incorporating Damiana into your routine.
Blood Pressure Medications: Damiana has mild blood pressure-lowering effects. When combined with blood pressure medications, it may lead to blood pressure dropping too low. If you are taking medication to control your blood pressure, discuss the use of Damiana with your healthcare provider.
Hormone Therapy: Damiana’s potential hormonal effects may interact with hormone therapy, including birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy. If you are on hormone therapy, consult with your healthcare provider before using Damiana.
Anti-Anxiety and Anti-Depressant Medications: Damiana’s potential mood-enhancing properties may interact with medications prescribed for anxiety and depression. This interaction can amplify the effects of these medications. If you are taking anti-anxiety or anti-depressant medications, it’s important to discuss the use of Damiana with your healthcare provider.
Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs: Damiana contains compounds that may have antiplatelet effects. When combined with anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications, it can increase the risk of bleeding. If you are on blood-thinning medications, consult with your healthcare provider before using Damiana.
Sedatives and Sleep Medications: Damiana can have a mild sedative effect. When used in combination with sedatives or sleep medications, it can intensify drowsiness. If you are taking such medications, discuss the use of Damiana with your healthcare provider to avoid excessive drowsiness.
Nervous System Medications: Damiana’s potential effects on the nervous system may interact with medications used to treat nervous system disorders, such as epilepsy. Consult with your healthcare provider if you have such conditions and are taking related medications.
Surgery and Anesthesia: Damiana’s effects on blood sugar and blood pressure may interact with anesthesia and medications used during surgery. It’s crucial to discontinue the use of Damiana at least two weeks before a scheduled surgical procedure and inform your healthcare provider.
It’s important to remember that the interactions mentioned are based on general knowledge, and individual responses can vary. Always consult your healthcare provider for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding your specific health needs and medication regimen.
Understanding potential drug interactions is a crucial step in using Damiana safely and responsibly.
Damiana dosage and forms
Damiana is available in various forms, each offering a unique way to experience its potential benefits. In this section, we will explore the different forms of Damiana and provide guidance on determining the right dosage for your specific needs.
Damiana Tea:
- Preparation: Damiana leaves can be used to make an herbal tea. Typically, you would steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried Damiana leaves in hot water for about 10-15 minutes.
- Dosage: A common serving size is one cup of Damiana tea, consumed up to three times a day. You can adjust the strength of the tea to suit your preferences.
Damiana Tincture:
- Preparation: Damiana tinctures are concentrated liquid extracts. They are usually prepared by macerating Damiana leaves in alcohol or glycerin.
- Dosage: The dosage can vary depending on the tincture’s concentration. Follow the product label instructions or consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
Damiana Capsules or Tablets:
- Preparation: Damiana is available in encapsulated or tablet form, offering a convenient way to incorporate it into your routine.
- Dosage: Follow the recommended dosage on the product label. Typical dosages range from 400 to 800 milligrams per serving. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
Damiana Powder:
- Preparation: Damiana powder can be added to smoothies, teas, or other beverages, allowing for flexibility in how you consume it.
- Dosage: The serving size for Damiana powder can vary, but a common range is 1-2 grams (1000-2000 milligrams). Start with a lower dose and adjust as needed.
Damiana Liqueur or Cordial:
- Preparation: Damiana can be used to infuse liqueurs and cordials, creating flavorful beverages with potential mood-enhancing effects.
- Dosage: The dosage depends on the specific liqueur or cordial, so follow the serving recommendations provided with the product.
Determining the Right Dosage: The appropriate dosage of Damiana can vary based on individual health goals, age, sex, and specific health concerns. Here are some general guidelines to help you determine the right dosage:
- Mood Enhancement: If you’re using Damiana for its potential mood-enhancing effects, a typical dosage could be one cup of Damiana tea daily, or the recommended dosage of Damiana capsules or tablets.
- Sexual Health: Damiana’s aphrodisiac potential may require a different dosage. A typical serving could be one cup of Damiana tea before a romantic evening, or as recommended by a healthcare provider.
- Digestive Support: For mild digestive issues or to support digestion, you might opt for one cup of Damiana tea after meals.
- Relaxation and Sleep: To promote relaxation or improve sleep, consider a cup of Damiana tea about 30 minutes before bedtime.
- Overall Well-Being: Damiana can be incorporated into your daily routine to support general well-being. In such cases, consider a lower, maintenance dosage of Damiana tea or supplements.
- Weight Management: Damiana can be part of a weight management plan. A moderate daily dose as part of a balanced diet may be effective.
It’s important to start with lower doses and monitor your body’s response before increasing the amount. When using Damiana supplements, follow the recommended dosage on the product label and consult with a healthcare provider if you have specific health concerns or are taking medication.
Find the Best Damiana Products
Thousands of customer reviews are available to help you make the right choice. Embrace the power of nature!
The bottom line
In the world of herbal remedies and natural health, Damiana stands as a captivating herb with a rich history, potential health benefits, and cultural significance. As we conclude our exploration of Damiana, let’s recap the key takeaways and provide a clear understanding of its place in the realm of herbal wellness.
Damiana at a Glance:
- Damiana, scientifically known as Turnera diffusa, is a small shrub native to Central and South America, celebrated for its aromatic leaves and yellow flowers.
- Its historical uses date back to indigenous cultures, where it was revered as an aphrodisiac, mood enhancer, and spiritual tool.
- Damiana is associated with love, passion, and well-being and is often used in modern herbal products designed to enhance these aspects of life.
Potential Medicinal Benefits:
- Damiana has potential benefits for mood enhancement, sexual health, and digestive support.
- Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a valuable herb for overall well-being.
- While research is ongoing, Damiana’s traditional uses are supported by scientific inquiry, making it a promising herbal remedy.
Herbal Combinations:
- Damiana can be paired with other herbs and supplements to enhance its potential benefits. Combinations like Damiana and Maca or Damiana and Muira Puama are examples of how this herb can be part of synergistic blends.
Precautions and Contraindications:
- Damiana should be used with caution during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and for those with diabetes, hormonal imbalances, allergies, and specific medical conditions.
- It can interact with medications, particularly those related to blood sugar, blood pressure, hormones, and mental health.
- Always consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating Damiana into your wellness routine.
Dosage and Forms:
- Damiana is available in various forms, including teas, tinctures, capsules, tablets, powders, and even liqueurs.
- The appropriate dosage of Damiana depends on your specific health goals and individual factors. It’s essential to start with lower doses and monitor your body’s response.
Damiana is a herb that bridges tradition and modern science, offering potential benefits for those seeking natural ways to enhance their well-being. Its cultural significance, coupled with its health potential, makes Damiana a valuable addition to the world of herbal remedies.
As with any herbal remedy, the key to safe and effective use lies in informed and responsible choices. By understanding its potential benefits, precautions, and interactions, you can harness the power of Damiana while ensuring your health and well-being remain the top priority.
Whether you’re seeking to enhance your mood, support sexual health, or simply experience the cultural and historical significance of Damiana, may your journey be filled with wisdom, well-being, and love.
Frequently Asked Questions
All About Damiana: Your 50 Burning Questions Answered
Article Sources
At AncientHerbsWisdom, our content relies on reputable sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to substantiate the information presented in our articles. Our primary objective is to ensure that our content is thoroughly fact-checked, maintaining a commitment to accuracy, reliability, and trustworthiness.
- Food and Drug Administration. Questions and Answers on Dietary Supplements.
- Zhao J, et al. (2008). Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera diffusa).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18948180/ - Damiana benefits. (n.d.).
https://www.indigo-herbs.co.uk/natural-health-guide/benefits/damiana - National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Label Database.
- Szewczyk K, Zidorn C. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana—Turnera diffusa. 2014;152(3):424-443. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Yohimbe.
- Estrada-Reyes R, Ferreyra-Cruz OA, Jiménez-Rubio G, Hernández-Hernández OT, Martínez-Mota L. Prosexual effect of chrysactinia mexicana a. Gray (Asteraceae), false damiana, in a model of male sexual behavior. BioMed Research International. 2016;2016:1-9. doi:10.1155/2016/2987917
- Food and Drug Administration. Substances Added to Food. Damiana.
- Harrold JA, Hughes GM, O’shiel K, et al. Acute effects of a herb extract formulation and inulin fibre on appetite, energy intake and food choice. Appetite. 2013;62:84-90. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.018
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. A guide to herbal remedies.
- Szewczyk K & Zidorn C. (2014). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana–Turnera diffusa.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24468305/ - Parra-Naranjo A, Delgado-Montemayor C, Fraga-López A, Castañeda-Corral G, Salazar-Aranda R, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Waksman N. Acute hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of teuhetenone a isolated from Turnera diffusa. Molecules. 2017 Apr 8;22(4):599. doi:10.3390/molecules22040599
- Singh R, Ali A, Gupta G, et al. Some medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potential: A current status. Journal of Acute Disease. 2013;2(3): 179-188. doi:10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60124-9
- Kotta S, et al. (2013). Exploring scientifically proven herbal aphrodisiacs.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3731873/ - Therapeutic Goods Administration Department of Health. Proposed amendments to the poisons standard (medicines/chemicals).
